Our Sydney cloud projects follow the AWS Well-Architected Framework principles adapted for Australian requirements: security, reliability, performance efficiency, cost optimization, and operational excellence. Assessment (week 1): understanding the current state. Infrastructure audit: inventorying existing systems (servers, databases, applications, storage, networking), mapping dependencies (which applications talk to which databases, which services depend on which infrastructure), and identifying workloads suitable for cloud migration (not everything should move — some legacy systems are better replaced than migrated). Compliance mapping: identifying which regulatory frameworks apply (APRA CPS 234, Privacy Act, ISM, industry-specific requirements) and what they mean for cloud architecture (data residency, encryption, access controls, incident response). Cost analysis: modelling cloud costs for migrated workloads — comparing against current infrastructure costs (including hidden costs: power, cooling, physical security, hardware replacement cycles, staff time for maintenance). Architecture design (weeks 2-3): designing the cloud environment. Landing zone: a secure, multi-account AWS/Azure/GCP architecture providing: account/subscription structure (separating production, development, and staging environments), networking (VPC/VNet design with appropriate segmentation, private subnets for databases, public subnets for load balancers), identity and access management (SSO integration with existing Active Directory, role-based access control, MFA enforcement), security baseline (GuardDuty/Defender for threat detection, CloudTrail/Activity Log for audit, Config/Policy for compliance monitoring), and logging and monitoring (centralized logging, CloudWatch/Monitor dashboards, alerting for critical events). For APRA-regulated workloads: additional controls including encryption key management (AWS KMS/Azure Key Vault with customer-managed keys), data classification and protection policies, and incident response procedures documented per CPS 234. Migration (weeks 3-8): moving workloads to the cloud. Migration strategies (the "6 Rs"): rehost (lift and shift — move the VM as-is; fastest but least cloud-optimized), replatform (lift and reshape — move with minor changes, e.g., moving from self-managed MySQL to RDS/Aurora), refactor (re-architect for cloud — redesigning to use cloud-native services; most effort but most benefit), repurchase (replace with SaaS — e.g., replacing on-premises Exchange with Office 365), retire (decommission — systems that are no longer needed), and retain (keep on-premises — systems that can't or shouldn't move yet). For each workload: selecting the appropriate strategy based on business value, technical complexity, and compliance requirements. Migration execution: using AWS Migration Hub, Azure Migrate, or Google Cloud Migrate — providing a centralized view of migration progress. Database migration: AWS DMS (Database Migration Service) or Azure Database Migration Service for live migration with minimal downtime. Testing: comprehensive testing after each workload migration — functional testing, performance testing, security testing, and user acceptance testing. Cost optimization (ongoing): cloud cost management is a continuous discipline. Right-sizing: analysing resource utilisation and downsizing over-provisioned instances (the most common cloud cost waste — instances sized for peak load but running at 10-20% average utilisation). Reserved instances/savings plans: committing to 1-3 year terms for predictable workloads — 30-60% cost reduction compared to on-demand pricing. Spot instances: for batch processing, dev/test environments, and fault-tolerant workloads — 60-90% cost reduction. Storage tiering: moving infrequently accessed data to cheaper storage tiers (S3 Glacier, Azure Cool Storage) — automated lifecycle policies based on access patterns. Cost monitoring: AWS Cost Explorer/Azure Cost Management dashboards, budget alerts, and monthly cost reviews identifying anomalies and optimization opportunities.