Our Doha headless CMS projects prioritise Arabic-first content architecture, bilingual workflow design, and RTL-ready frontend engineering. Arabic content modelling (weeks 1-2): content modelling for Arabic-English bilingual organisations requires specific design decisions. Field-level localisation: each content field (title, body, description, CTA text) stored as an object with language variants: { ar: "Arabic content", en: "English content" }. This is more granular than page-level localisation (where entire pages are separate per language) — enabling editors to see both language versions side by side and ensuring every field is translated. Arabic-specific fields: some content exists only in Arabic (Qatari cultural content, Arabic-language press releases for Arabic media) or only in English (technical documentation, international investor content). The content model accommodates language-specific content alongside bilingual content. Rich text in Arabic: Arabic rich text requires specific handling — bidirectional text (embedded English brand names, technical terms, or numbers within Arabic text), mixed-script formatting (bold, italic in Arabic typography works differently from Latin typography), and Arabic typography settings (line height, letter spacing, word spacing optimised for Arabic readability). We configure Sanity's portable text or Contentful's rich text with Arabic-aware rendering. CMS selection for Doha: Sanity is our primary recommendation for Doha projects. Reasons: Sanity Studio's customisability enables us to build editing interfaces that natively support bilingual content — side-by-side Arabic/English editing, language completion indicators (showing which fields are translated), and preview in both languages. Sanity's GROQ query language handles localised content queries efficiently (fetch content with Arabic fields for Arabic pages, English fields for English pages — without over-fetching). Sanity's real-time collaboration is valuable for distributed content teams common in Doha (content team in Doha, translation team potentially remote). Contentful: recommended for Doha organisations with complex approval workflows and multiple content teams — Contentful's enterprise features (roles, permissions, content approval workflows, scheduled publishing) align with the governance requirements of government and large corporate organisations. RTL frontend engineering (weeks 2-5): the Next.js frontend must render Arabic content with proper RTL layout. This is more than adding dir="rtl" to the HTML — it requires: mirrored layouts (navigation flows right-to-left, text alignment right, images and icons positioned for RTL reading flow), CSS logical properties (using margin-inline-start/end instead of margin-left/right — enabling the same CSS to work for both RTL and LTR), Tailwind CSS RTL plugin (generating RTL-aware utility classes — ltr:ml-4 rtl:mr-4), Arabic typography (font selection — we use IBM Plex Arabic, Noto Sans Arabic, or Tajawal for body text; careful line-height adjustment as Arabic text requires more vertical space than Latin), and number formatting (Arabic may use Eastern Arabic numerals ٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩ or Western Arabic numerals 0123456789 — depending on context and audience). Language switching: URL-based language routing (/ar/page and /en/page) with hreflang tags for SEO. Language detection: defaulting to Arabic for Qatari visitors (based on browser language and geographic location), with clear language switcher for manual override. Multi-channel delivery (weeks 4-6): the same content served to: corporate website (Next.js — primary channel, bilingual), mobile app (React Native or Flutter — consuming CMS API, rendering with platform-native RTL support), intranet (internal web application — consuming the same corporate content, filtered for internal audience), and digital signage (screens in offices, lobbies, and public spaces — displaying rotating content managed from the CMS, bilingual with automatic language rotation). Content workflow design (weeks 2-4): for Doha organisations with structured content operations, we design editorial workflows: content creation (author creates in primary language — typically Arabic for government, English for international corporate), translation (content flagged for translation — translator receives notification, translates within the CMS using side-by-side editor), review (language reviewer verifies translation quality and cultural appropriateness — particularly important for Arabic where formal/informal register and Gulf dialect vs. Modern Standard Arabic choices affect perception), approval (department head or communications team approves for publication), and publication (scheduled or immediate — both language versions published simultaneously to maintain bilingual consistency).