Melbourne's legacy modernisation demand comes from organisations at different stages of modernisation urgency: (1) Banking and financial services: Melbourne's banks and financial institutions — the largest legacy modernisation consumers. Banking legacy: core banking (mainframe-based core banking systems — account management, transaction processing, and ledger systems running COBOL on IBM z/Series. ANZ and NAB: both running significant mainframe workloads in Melbourne. Core banking modernisation: the most complex and highest-risk modernisation challenge in IT — migrating systems that process millions of daily transactions without interruption), lending systems (legacy lending platforms — loan origination, servicing, and collections systems built on older technology. Modernisation: enabling faster loan processing, digital customer experience, and integration with open banking), wealth management (portfolio management and client reporting systems — many running on legacy architectures that struggle to support modern investment products and client expectations), and regulatory reporting (legacy reporting systems producing APRA, ASIC, and ATO reports — often through batch processes that take hours or days. Modernisation: enabling real-time or near-real-time regulatory reporting). (2) Insurance: Melbourne's insurance companies — running policy administration and claims systems on aging platforms. Insurance legacy: policy administration (core insurance systems — Guidewire, DXC (formerly CSC), or custom platforms running on legacy infrastructure. Modernisation: enabling digital policy issuance, real-time pricing, and API-based distribution), claims management (legacy claims platforms — often running on .NET Framework or Java — modernising to support digital FNOL, automated assessment, and integrated customer communication), and actuarial systems (SAS-based actuarial models and reporting — modernising to cloud-based analytics while maintaining actuarial accuracy and regulatory compliance). (3) Government: Victorian Government agencies running legacy public service systems. Government legacy: case management (social services, justice, and regulatory case management systems — built on Oracle Forms, .NET Web Forms, or custom platforms. Modernisation: enabling digital service delivery, workflow automation, and data-driven decision-making), citizen services (online portals and transaction systems — many built on aging CMS platforms or custom applications that don't meet modern accessibility or mobile requirements. Modernisation: creating responsive, accessible digital services meeting WCAG 2.1 AA standards), and infrastructure management (asset management, maintenance, and planning systems — often running on legacy databases with desktop client applications. Modernisation: web-based, cloud-hosted systems enabling mobile access and real-time data), and health information (Victorian public health systems — patient management, clinical systems, and public health reporting. Modernisation: complex due to integration with federal health systems, privacy requirements, and clinical workflow dependencies). (4) Manufacturing and resources: Melbourne-based manufacturers and resources companies. Manufacturing legacy: ERP systems (SAP ECC, Oracle EBS, and older ERP platforms — many Melbourne manufacturers running ERP systems implemented 10-15 years ago, now outdated and unable to support modern supply chain, IoT integration, and analytics requirements. Modernisation: SAP S/4HANA migration or replacement with modern cloud ERP), MES and SCADA (manufacturing execution and supervisory control systems — often running on Windows XP/7, using proprietary protocols, and disconnected from business systems. Modernisation: enabling Industry 4.0 integration while maintaining operational technology reliability), and supply chain (legacy supply chain management systems — custom applications or older SCM platforms that don't support modern demand planning, real-time tracking, and supplier collaboration). (5) Education: Melbourne's universities and educational institutions. Education legacy: student management (student information systems — many running on older platforms (PeopleSoft, Banner, custom systems) that don't meet modern student expectations for digital service, mobile access, and self-service), learning management (older LMS platforms — modernising to support hybrid learning, video integration, and analytics), and research systems (research data management, grant administration, and collaboration platforms — often built on aging infrastructure with limited integration and accessibility).